Deg Murakuc, Attawfiq Imɣunyen Imeẓyanen (Attawfiq Micro-Finance) d isem yettwassnen deg umaḍal n ussiliḍ ameẓyan. D tazeqqa ur nettbaḥḥar, tella-d sɣur Tagrawt n Bank Aɣerfan (BCP) deg yimɣunen n tnezzut n idrimen. Seg yisbeddi-ines deg Meɣres 2000, Attawfiq Imɣunyen Imeẓyanen yettak-d amellil i waṭas n yifganen, ladɣa tilawin d yimesnulfuyen n ussigez ameẓyan, iwakken ad ten-id yesdukel deg umaḍal n tnezzut n idrimen. Tzemmer ad tẓer ad yili ugar n 300.000 n yimsibbiyen deg tmurt meṛṛa, s ussiliḍ yettεeddan 4 n yimelyunen n yidrimen n Murakuc (MAD), d aya i d-yeskanayen azal-is deg usnerni n tnezzut n idrimen n yimesnulfuyen imeẓyanen.
Amtawa n Tmetti d Uẓar-is
Attawfiq Imɣunyen Imeẓyanen, s yisem-is aɣelnaw "Fondation Banque Populaire pour le Micro-crédit", yettwafreq s unagraw n umaray n tnezzut deg 1 Meɣres 2000. Yettwaxdem d amellil aɣerfan s ddaw n uẓar n 15 November 1958 d uẓar n 50/20 yeqqnen i ussiliḍ ameẓyan. Aẓawan agi yettwaxdem sɣur Tagrawt n Bank Aɣerfan (BCP) deg Meɣres 2000, yettḥarab d aẓawan n yimeɣban (NGO) s ddaw n uẓar n Murakuc n ussiliḍ ameẓyan (Aẓar 18/97, yettwanɣel s uẓar 58-03).
Aɣanib n Tnezzut d Yimsaɣen Yettaweḍen: Aɣanib n Attawfiq Imɣunyen Imeẓyanen d aken yettak-d isɣunen n ussiliḍ imeẓyanen war tazwart, yernu yettak-d amellil i usnerni n tnezzut (lemtel, aselmed, aselken). Imsaɣen-is d ifganen yettwarzen s tnezzut, ladɣa tilawin d yimesnulfuyen n yimɣunen yettwarzen, wid ur nesεi ara abrid i yibankan iẓidanen. D Mass Hicham Kharrou i d agellid n tmetti-agi, yettamellil d yimasayen nniḍen iwakken ad tawi tmetti ɣer sdat.
Isɣunen n Ussiliḍ d Wallalen Nniḍen
Attawfiq Imɣunyen Imeẓyanen yettak-d aṭas n isɣunen n ussiliḍ i wakken ad yeflali i yimeṭlaben yemgaraden n yimsibbiyen-is:
- Assiliḍ Ameẓyan i Yifganen: D isɣunen i yifganen iwakken ad ten-amellil deg yimɣunen nnsen imeẓyanen.
- Amḍan: Seg 1.000 ɣer 30.000 n yidrimen n Murakuc (MAD).
- Tagert: Seg 6 ɣer 24 n wagguren.
- Aggaɣ n wazal agrawlan n useggas: Yeẓẓel ɣer ~14.19% (d agemmuḍ yettwaḥeqqen).
- Idrimen n wallal: Idrimen n usbeddi: 1% ɣer 3%; Idrimen n uwexxer: 2% deg waggur. War tazwart, asentel n tegrawt d amezgali.
- Assiliḍ Ameẓyan i Tnezzut: I yimesnulfuyen d yimɣunen imeẓyanen i wakken ad snernin taneggart nnsen.
- Amḍan: Seg 5.000 ɣer 50.000 n yidrimen n Murakuc (MAD).
- Tagert: Seg 6 ɣer 36 n wagguren.
- Aggaɣ n wazal agrawlan n useggas: Seg 14% ɣer 18% (yettbeddil s yirrij).
- Idrimen n wallal: Idrimen n usenqed: 2%; Yezmer ad yili usentel neɣ ad yili umejjay n ussiliḍ.
- Assiliḍ n Usnerni n Tudert: I yimezdaɣ n yimɣunen iwakken ad snernin tudert nnsen.
- Amḍan: Seg 2.000 ɣer 40.000 n yidrimen n Murakuc (MAD).
- Tagert: Seg 12 ɣer 36 n wagguren.
- Aggaɣ n wazal agrawlan n useggas: Seg 14% ɣer 16%.
- Idrimen n wallal: War tazwart tazurant; asentel n tɣiwant.
- Assiliḍ Ameẓyan i Wexxam: I yifganen i wakken ad snernin neɣ ad sqedmen ixxamen-nsen.
- Amḍan: Seg 10.000 ɣer 50.000 n yidrimen n Murakuc (MAD).
- Tagert: Seg 12 ɣer 60 n wagguren.
- Aggaɣ n wazal agrawlan n useggas: Seg 15% ɣer 18%.
- Idrimen n wallal: Yettwaḥeqqen s ṭṭerf n icciḍen neɣ s umejjay n ussiliḍ.
Amtawa n Ussikel d Yimeṭlaben
Iwakken ad ssiklen ɣer ussiliḍ sɣur Attawfiq Imɣunyen Imeẓyanen, imsibbiyen zemren ad qedmen sɣur 425 n tneggarin nsen deg tmurt meṛṛa, ama deg temdinin ama deg yimɣunen. Yettunefk daɣen ussikel aḥṛfi sɣur asmel n Tagrawt n Bank Aɣerfan (BCP), maca ulac asemdu afraran iẓemlen deg yisental n isemdad. Imeṭlaben imezwura d:
- Takarḍa n tmagit taɣelnawt.
- Asentel n tmezduɣt.
- Isestanen n idrimen imeẓyanen.
Uqbel ad yettunefk ussiliḍ, imsibbiyen ad yili-asen uselmed ɣef tussna n idrimen deg tneggarin n tmetti.
Amtawa n Ussiliḍ d Ussilef n Idrimen
Attawfiq Imɣunyen Imeẓyanen yettseqqad aẓayer n ussiliḍ n yal amsibbiy s useqdec n uɣanib n ussilef n idrimen n daxel, yettseqqar-d agburen n umsibbiy, akken ad yeẓer ma yezmer ad yerra ussiliḍ. Yettseqqar-d daɣen asfugel n yirrijen sɣur Bank n Leṛṛb-Murakuc. Aɣanib n ussilef n idrimen yettili s wayen i d-yettak umassan n yimɣunen d yimsentlen n tegrawt. Assilef n idrimen yettili s usemmeskel ɣer yibankan n BCP neɣ s idrimen s ufus deg tneggarin. Deg kra n yimɣunen, yettunefk daɣen ussilef s idrimen ifraren sɣur M-Wallet.
Amud Aɣelnaw d Uzzel
Attawfiq Imɣunyen Imeẓyanen yettwaḥeqqen sɣur Uzarf n Tnezzut n Idrimen, yettuzzel sɣur Bank n Leṛṛb-Murakuc d Uzarf n Ussiliḍ Ameẓyan. D agraw n Fédération Nationale des Associations de Microcrédit (FNAM). D netta i d aẓawan amezwaru n ussiliḍ ameẓyan deg Murakuc i d-yesεan talwiḍt n AML 30001 (2025 edition) sɣur Coficert, aya yettak-d aseggad n uẓẓel n idrimen. Yettseqqar-d isfugen n daxel s wudem amezgali, d useqsam n yirrijen n imsibbiyen.
Iwakken ad yamesker imsibbiyen-is, yettak-d Attawfiq Imɣunyen Imeẓyanen idlisen n timenɣiwin s Teɛrabt i d-yeskanayen izerfan, igriwen n wazal d yirrijen. Yettak-d daɣen iberdan i yimsibbiyen ad qedmen aneggar nnsen, ama s usfugel ɣer tneggarin ama s usmel aḥṛfi. Yettwarni d akken 87% n yimeṭlaben n imsibbiyen ttwafraren deg 26 n wussan.
Azal n Ssuq d Yimunbaren
Deg umaḍal n ussiliḍ ameẓyan deg Murakuc, Attawfiq Imɣunyen Imeẓyanen yettεemmir d amezwaru deg yimunbaren am Al Amana, Tamwil El Williams d Microcred (Novissi tura). Amgarad n Attawfiq Imɣunyen Imeẓyanen yettili s usentel n BCP, ussiliḍ s uẓuɣer n ugama, d uzzel ameqqran. S ussiliḍ yettεeddan 4 n yimelyunen n yidrimen n Murakuc (MAD), Attawfiq Imɣunyen Imeẓyanen yettamellil ugar n 25% n ssuq n ussiliḍ ameẓyan n Murakuc. Amḍan n yimsibbiyen-is yettnerni s Aggaɣ n wazal agrawlan n useggas n ≈5% seg 2016 ɣer 2024.
Attawfiq Imɣunyen Imeẓyanen yexdem aṭas n tegratin, lemtel, aẓuɣer n ugama (USD 25 n yimelyunen) d FSD Africa d AMMC deg 2021 i wakken ad yessiliḍ i yilawin. Yettseqqar daɣen tigratin d yimɣunen ifraren i wakken ad snerni aẓayer n ussiliḍ aḥṛfi.
Timesɣal n Yimsibbiyen d Timenṣaḍin
Imsibbiyen n Attawfiq Imɣunyen Imeẓyanen yettaken-d timesɣal yelhan ɣef wallalen n tmetti. Tikwal, yettili-d uwexxer deg yidlisen neɣ ugur deg ussikel ɣer yimɣunen ibeɛden. Maca, imassa n Attawfiq Imɣunyen Imeẓyanen ttwalsen deg yedles n Murakuc, yernu aselmed n tussna n idrimen yettili deg yal amtawa. Yal ass, nezmer ad nẓer isefka n imsibbiyen i d-yesnernan imɣunen-nsen s amellil n Attawfiq Imɣunyen Imeẓyanen, am Khaddouj i d-yesnernan imɣun-is n ufella n tyaziḍin, neɣ Malika i d-yesnernan taneggart nsen n yisefka n yimɣunen.
Timenṣaḍin i Yimsiliḍen Yezmer
Ma tɣiled ad ssiklen ɣer ussiliḍ sɣur Attawfiq Imɣunyen Imeẓyanen, dagi kra n timenṣaḍin:
- Sseqqar Tinezzut-ik: Qeddem uqbel ad ssiklen, sseqqar iɣellusen n ussiliḍ, igriwen n wazal d yidrimen n wallal.
- Sseqqar Imeṭlaben: Sseqqar meṛṛa imeṭlaben n yidlisen i wakken ad tefriɣ amtawa n ussikel.
- Seqdec Aselmed: Ma yella-d uselmed ɣef tussna n idrimen, seqdec-it i wakken ad tessneḍ ifuṭunen n ussiliḍ.
- Teqqar Imeqqranen: Ma tella-d tegrart n ussiliḍ, qeddem i wakken ad teẓred ma yettili-d wazal n ussiliḍ i yiman-ik neɣ i tnezzut-ik.
- Qqim d Uzzel: Ma tesεiḍ ugur deg useggad n ussiliḍ, xdem tigrart d Attawfiq Imɣunyen Imeẓyanen i wakken ad tafem tifrat.
Attawfiq Imɣunyen Imeẓyanen yettak-d abrid ameqqran i yifganen n Murakuc i wakken ad ssuddsen iman-nsen deg umaḍal n tnezzut n idrimen, s wallalen n ussiliḍ yelhan d umellil ameqqran.
